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pcb设计与电子产品
pcbminzi | 2008-05-31 10:57:41    阅读:2667   发布文章

印制电路板(PCB)在电子产品中,起到支撑电路元件和器件的作用,它同时还提供电路元件和器件之间的电气连接。其实,PCB的设计,远非排列、固定元器件,连通元器件引脚这样简单,PCB设计的好坏对产品的抗干扰能力影响很大,甚至对今后产品的性能起决定性的作用。随着电于技术的飞速发展,元器件和产品的外型尺寸都越来越小,工作频率越来越高,使得PCB抄板上元器件的密度大幅提高,增加了PCB设计、加工的难度。因此,PCB设计始终是电子产品开发设计中最重要的内容之一。
一、布局与布线是PCB设计中的两个最重要内容
所谓布局就是把电路图上所有的元器件都合理地安排到有限面积的PCB 上。最关键的问题是:开关、按钮、旋钮等操作件,以及结构件(以下简称特殊元件)等,必须被安排在指定的位置上;其他元器件的位置安排,必须同时兼顾到布线的布通率和电气性能的最优化,以及今后的生产工艺和造价等多方面因素。这种兼顾往往是对设计师的水平和经验的挑战。布线就是在布局之后,通过设计铜铂的走线图,按照原理图连通所有的走线。显然,布局的合理程度直接影响布线的成功率,往往在布线过程中还需要对布局作适当的调整。布线设计可以采用双层走线和单层走线,对于极其复杂的设计也可以考虑采用多层布线方案,但为了降低产品的造价,一般应尽量采用单层布线方案。对于个别无法布通的走线,可以采用标准间距短跳线或长跳线(软线)连通。

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